Course : Greek Philosophy and Applied Ethics

Summary

In ancient Greek thought, suicide was a complex issue, viewed differently across philosophical traditions. Plato generally condemned it, arguing in the Phaedo that life is a divine gift and should not be taken prematurely. Aristotle saw it as an injustice against the state. However, Stoics, like Seneca, considered suicide a rational choice in cases of unbearable suffering or loss of autonomy. Epicureans viewed death as neither good nor bad, seeing no inherent moral judgment in ending one’s life. Greek tragedy and history also depict suicide as an act of honor, shame, or resistance, reflecting diverse societal attitudes.

Suggested readings

• Martha C. Nussbaum, "The Damage of Death: Incomplete Arguments and False Consolations," in The Metaphysics and Ethics of Death, ed. James Stacey Taylor, 25-43 (Oxford: Oxford Academic, 2014).
• Walter Glannon, "Epicureanism and Death," The Monist 76, no. 2 (1993): 222-234.

Visuals

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